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I started my son off with Scratch
scratch.mit.edu/
which is very visual. Unfortunately my programming brain runs a little more old-school, so I couldn't get my head around the drag-n-drop UI enough to really teach him. We then moved on to Lua which is a great scripting language that is used widely for writing games. There's the LÖVE framework, Moai, Corona SDK + more. We've also looked at Python and JavaScript. There's plenty of books available on amazon that focus on programming for teens, we've had good success going through some of these.
My theory is to get my son interested in programming by focusing on the programming side of things he really enjoys, namely video games. I really liked Corona SDK as it's full featured, powerful and you can easily see the results running on your mobile device. I'm always on the look out for other good frameworks and languages but right now my son is most interested in Lego EV3 and is writing code for it with their own programming environment.
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